French Indian War

Death of Gen Wolfe 1759 Battle of Quebec in the
French Indian War

French Indian War Summary and Definition:  Seven Years War

French Indian War Summary and Definition:  The French Indian War (1754-1763) was the fourth and final series of conflicts in the French and Indian Wars. It was the North American counterpart of the Seven Years War that was fought in Europe between France and Austria.

The Seven Years in Europe had been caused by the commercial and colonial rivalry between Britain and France and the conflict in Germany between Prussia and Austria. The North American dispute was whether the upper Ohio River valley was a part of the British empire or part of the French Empire. The population of the disputed area was predominantly occupied by British settlers but the French had made the greatest inroads into the exploration, trade, and Indian alliances of the region. The conflict known as the French and Indian Wars ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763 during which France ceded its North American territories to Great Britain. So ended the series of bloody conflicts known generically as the French and Indian Wars. For additional Facts and info refer to the French in America.

Facts about the French Indian War
Who fought in the French Indian War? When did the conflict start and when did the conflict end? What were the causes of the French Indian War? What was the significance of the French Indian War? What were the results and effects of the French Indian War? Interesting history and facts about the French Indian War:

  • Name of Conflict: French Indian War
  • Alternative Names for the French Indian War: The French and Indian Wars
    Location of the French Indian War: North America - primarily along the frontiers between the British colonies from Virginia to Nova Scotia
  • Year the French Indian War started: 1754
  • Year the French Indian War ended: 1763
  • Combatants in the French Indian War: The French and their Indian allies. The Wabanaki Confederacy was between five Algonquian speaking people consisting of the Abenaki, Mícmac, Penobscot, Passamaquoddy and Maliseet tribes. Other tribes were also involved including the Lenape, Ojibwa, Ottawa, Shawnee and Wyandot
  • Combatants in the French Indian War: The British and their Indian allies. The Iroquois Confederacy was between an alliance of tribes headed by the Onondaga, Cayuga, Mohawk, Seneca and the Oneida tribe. The Cherokee and Catawba tribes also fought for the English
  • Result of the French Indian War: The Treaty of Paris ends French Indian War and also marks the conclusion to the series of conflicts over a 75 year period known as the French and Indian Wars
  • Famous Leaders in the French Indian War: Jeffrey Amherst, Edward Braddock, James Wolfe, James Abercrombie, Edward Boscawen and George Washington for Great Britain and Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, Marquis de Vaudreuil, François-Marie de Lignery, Chevalier de Levis and Joseph de Jumonville for France

History & Causes of the French Indian War - Political Policies and Beliefs
What were the causes of the French Indian War? The causes of the Indian wars, battles and conflicts, including the French Indian War, were generally because of the opening of Indian lands to colonization of Europeans and highly lucrative trade prospects. The French Indian War was a North American counterpart to the Seven Years War which was one of the dynastic wars that raged in Europe. Some of the history and causes of the Indian Wars were dictated by political policies and beliefs which shaped the historical background to the causes of the French Indian War

  • European Imperialism:  The policy of forcefully extending a nation's authority, power and influence by territorial gain and by the establishment of economic and political dominance.

  • Colonialism:  Establishing colonies in America provided land and new trading opportunities

  • Trade:  The Europeans all wanted to monopolize the fur trade

History Timeline of the French Indian War
This short History Timeline of the French Indian War provides fast facts and information about the history, years & dates, key events and famous people who fought in the French Indian War.

  • 1688: 1688 - 1763 The French and Indian Wars begin between France and Great Britain for lands in North America. The Iroquois Indians were allied to the British and the Algonquian speaking tribes were allied to the French. The French and Indian Wars was an intermittent series of wars and conflicts consisting of King William's War (1688-1699), Queen Anne's War (1702-1713), King George's War (1744 - 1748) and the French and Indian War (1754-1763)
  • 1748: The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was signed on 18 October 1748 ended King George's War restoring conquered territory, but the result was indecisive hence the continuation of the conflicts known as the French and Indian Wars
  • 1754: 1754 - 1763: The French Indian War (1754-1763) is won by Great Britain. France gives England all French territory east of the Mississippi River, except New Orleans. The Spanish give up Florida to the British.
  • 1754: May 1754: The Battle of Jumonville Glen. In 1754 the French gained a victory and ousted a British force, including a colonial militia under the young Colonel George Washington, at Fort Necessity, Pennsylvania.
  • 1755: The Capture of Fort Beausejour on the border separating Nova Scotia from Acadia
  • 1757: Up to 1757 France continued to dominate. There were failed British campaigns against Louisbourg and the Siege of Fort William Henry
  • 1758: 1758 Great Britain increased support to its troops based in North America and won victories at Louisbourg, Fort Frontenac in the Great Lakes region, and Fort Duquesne in Pittsburgh.
  • 1760: The final British victory at the Battle of Quebec in 1759 led to the demise of New France in 1760.
  • 1760: September 1760: Montreal falls to the British
  • 1763: The Treaty of Paris ends French and Indian War (1754-1763). Canada, east of the Mississippi River, was added to the British empire.

The Significance and Effects of the French Indian War
The effects and significance of the French Indian War in history at a local level were: 

  • France ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida

  • France's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

  • Although Britain was victorious the French and Indian Wars British had caused the 'mother country' to incur a massive war debt. The British efforts to reduce the debt included reversing their policy of Salutary Neglect that ultimately led to  insurrection in the colonies, the Boston Tea Party, the American Revolution and the Declaration of Independence.

Salutary Neglect
King William's War (1688-1699)
Queen Anne's War (1702-1713)
King George's War (1744 - 1748)
French and Indian War (1754-1763)
The Indian Wars
French and Indian Wars
Native Indian Tribes Index

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